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Mars Global Surveyor Spacecraft 1996 pinback JPL NASA 2 pin set
$ 3.16
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Description
Mars Global Surveyor Spacecraft 1996 pinback JPL NASA 2 pin setHere is a 2 pin set celebrating the Mars Global Surveyor space mission launched in November of 1996. These pins were not available for sale to the general public and were only given to JPL employees. A friend of mine collected these while working at JPL.
Mars Global Surveyor - Mars Orbit Insertion September 11, 1997
Circa 1997
Metal pinback
2" x 2" square
Mars Global Surveyor - A Full Martian Year 2001 February 01
Circa 2001
Metal pinback
2 1/2" diameter
Nov. 7, 1996: Launch
Sept. 12, 1997: Entered initial orbit at Mars
Sept. 17, 1997, to Feb. 19, 1999: Aerobraking used to refine spacecraft's orbit
March 9, 1999: Mapping mission formally began
Nov. 21, 2006: Last contact, mission ends
In Depth: Mars Global Surveyor
Mars Global Surveyor was the first spacecraft in NASA’s new Mars Surveyor Program, a new generation of American space probes to explore Mars every 26 months from 1996 to 2005.
The program was formulated in 1994 to economize costs and maximize returns by involving a single industrial partner with NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to design, build and deliver a flight-worthy vehicle for Mars every two years. (A new Mars Exploration Program was inaugurated in 2000.)
The Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft carried five instruments similar to those carried by the lost Mars Observer probe that fell silent in 1993. Among the instruments was a French-supplied radio relay experiment to serve as a downlink for future Mars landers, including the planned Russian Mars 96 mission.
After course corrections Nov. 21, 1996, and March 20, 1997, Mars Global Surveyor entered a highly elliptical orbit around Mars on Sept. 12, 1997, after engine ignition at 01:17 UT. Initial orbital parameters were about 163 × 33,570 miles (262 × 54,026 kilometers).
Commencement of its planned two-year mission was delayed because one of its two solar panels (-Y) had not fully deployed soon after launch. The solar panels were designed to act as atmospheric brakes to alter its orbit.
As a result, mission planners reconfigured the aerobraking process required to place the vehicle in its intended orbit. The modified aerobraking maneuver began Sept. 17, 1997, and lasted until October 11. A second aerobraking phase lasted from November 1997 to March 1998 and a third one began in November 1998 with the goal of reducing the high point of its orbit down to about 280 miles (450 kilometers).
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